Le Tutoriel de Android Fragment

Qu'est-ce que Android Fragment?
Exemple de l'utilisation Android Fragment
Phụ lục: Thiết kế giao diện - activity_top.xml
Phụ lục: Thiết kế giao diện - activity_bottom.xml

1. Qu'est-ce que Android Fragment?

Pour concevoir une interface, vous pouvez concevoir des fragments et les assembler. Dans cet exemple, je vais vous guider pour travailler avec le fragment.

Et l'événement de processus qui interagit entre 2 fragments.

2. Exemple de l'utilisation Android Fragment

Créez un nouveau projet nommé AndroidFragmentDemo

Préparez un fichier image, par exemple andrea.jpg.

andrea.png

Copiez et collez le fichier andrea.jpg dans le dossier mipmap du projet.

Android Studio vous exigera de choisir la qualité d'imagerie qui sera créée. Sélectionnez mipmap-mdpi car c'est la qualité moyenne de l'image.

Ensuite, nous créons le fichier activity_top.xml:

Sur Android Studio sélectionnez:

File > New > Layout Resource file

Saisissez:

File name: activity_top.xml
Root element: androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
Directory name: layout

De la même façon, créez le fichier activity_bottom.xml

Conception de l'interface sur activity_top.xml

activity_top.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/editText_firstName"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginStart="16dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="16dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="16dp"
        android:ems="10"
        android:inputType="textPersonName"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/editText_lastName"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginStart="16dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="16dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="23dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="16dp"
        android:ems="10"
        android:inputType="textPersonName"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/editText_firstName" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button_apply"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="22dp"
        android:text="Apply"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/editText_lastName" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

Conception de l'interface sur activity_bottom.xml

activity_bottom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@mipmap/andrea">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView_fullName"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginStart="16dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="16dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="16dp"
        android:background="#EDE4E4"
        android:text="Full Name"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

If you are interested in the steps to design the interface of this application, see the appendix at the end of the article.

Chaque fragment correspond à une classe Java. Cette classe est étendue à partir de la classe Fragment.

Créez 2 classes TopFragment et BottomFragment et éditez ses codes.

TopFragment .java

package org.o7planning.androidfragmentdemo;

import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

public class TopFragment extends Fragment {

    private EditText editTextFirstName;
    private EditText editTextLastName;
    private Button buttonApply;

    private MainActivity mainActivity;

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {


        // Read xml file and return View object.
        // inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot)
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.activity_top, container, false);

        editTextFirstName = (EditText) view.findViewById(R.id.editText_firstName);
        editTextLastName = (EditText) view.findViewById(R.id.editText_lastName);

        buttonApply = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.button_apply);

        buttonApply.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                applyText();
            }
        });

        return view;
    }

    // Called when a fragment is first attached to its context.
    @Override
    public void onAttach(Context context) {
        super.onAttach(context);

        if (context instanceof MainActivity) {
            this.mainActivity = (MainActivity) context;
        }
    }


    private void applyText() {
        String firstName = this.editTextFirstName.getText().toString();
        String lastName = this.editTextLastName.getText().toString();

        this.mainActivity.showText(firstName, lastName);
    }
}

BottomFragment.java

package org.o7planning.androidfragmentdemo;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

public class BottomFragment extends Fragment {

    private TextView textViewFullName;

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        // Read xml file and return View object.
        // inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot)
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.activity_bottom, container, false);

        textViewFullName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.textView_fullName);

        return view;
    }


    public void showText(String firstName, String lastName) {
        textViewFullName.setText(firstName + " " + lastName);
    }
}

Maintenant, vous devez disposer le fragment sur l'interface principale de l'Activity. Ouvrez le fichier activity_main.xml

Changez ID pour des fragment.

fragment_top
fragment_bottom

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/fragment_top"
        android:name="org.o7planning.androidfragmentdemo.TopFragment"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginStart="16dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="16dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="16dp"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/fragment_bottom"
        android:name="org.o7planning.androidfragmentdemo.BottomFragment"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_marginStart="16dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="16dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="16dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="16dp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/fragment_top" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

MainActivity.java

package org.o7planning.androidfragmentdemo;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }

    public void showText(String topImageText, String bottomImageText) {
        BottomFragment bottomFragment
                = (BottomFragment) this.getSupportFragmentManager()
                .findFragmentById(R.id.fragment_bottom);
        bottomFragment.showText(topImageText, bottomImageText);
    }

}

Exécutez l'application: