Exemple de CRUD simple avec Spring MVC RESTful Web Service

L'objectif de ce document
XML-Binding & JSON-Binding
Créer un projet Maven
Configurer web.xml & pom.xml
Configurer Spring MVC
Data Model
Spring REST Controller
L'exécution des applications

1. L'objectif de ce document

Dans ce document, je vais vous montrer la manière de créer une application RESTful Web service avec Spring MVC.

Tout d'abord, vous devriez vous renseigner "Qu'est-ce que RESTful Web Services?":

Qu'est-ce que RESTful Web Service?

Notez qu'il y a plusieurs façons de créer une application RESTful Web Service, dont l'une est d'utiliser JAX-RS, Spring Boot, vous pouvez trouver ici des instructions pertinantes:
Exemple CRUD simple avec Java RESTful Web Service
Exemple CRUD Restful WebService avec Spring Boot

2. XML-Binding & JSON-Binding

JAVA <==> JSON

Spring MVC a besoin un JSON-Binding pour convertir un objet Java en JSON et à l'inverse. Et vous pouvez utiliser Jackson (jackson-databind).

<!-- MAVEN -->

<!--  https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-databind -->
<dependency>
   <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
   <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
   <version>2.8.3</version>
</dependency>

JAVA <==> XML:

Spring MVC a besoin d'un XML-Binding pour convertir un objet Java en XML, au cas où vous avez deux choix.

Utilisez Jackson: jackson-dataformat-xml
Ou utilisez JAXB

L'utilisation JAXB (Java Architecture for XML Binding) - est une bibliothèque intégrée dans l'édition Java standard, à partir de la version 1.6.
L'utilisation une bibliothèque étendue de Jackson (jackson-dataformat-xml).

<!-- jackson-dataformat-xml  -->

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat/jackson-dataformat-xml -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
    <version>2.8.3</version>
</dependency>

Jackson: Java Object ==> XML

jackson-dataformat-xml convertit un objet Java en XML sans avoir besoin des Annotation attachées aux classes model.

JAXB (Java Architecture for XML Binding): Java ==> XML

Au cas où vous avez besoin de Spring MVC pour utiliser JAXB comme un XML-Binding défaut. Vous devez utiliser @XmlRootElement afin d'annoter sur des classes model.

Dans ce document, je vais utiliser la bibliothèque Jackson pour convertir des objets Java en XML et JSON.

<!-- JSON-Binding -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-databind -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
    <version>2.8.3</version>
</dependency> 
       
<!-- XML-Binding -->       
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat/jackson-dataformat-xml -->
 <dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
    <version>2.8.3</version>
</dependency>

3. Créer un projet Maven

Sur Eclipse, créez une Maven Web App vide nommée SpringMVCRESTful

Créer un projet Maven Web App vide dans Eclipse

4. Configurer web.xml & pom.xml

Utilisant Web App >= 3.

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
    id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
   
    <display-name>SpringMVCRESTful</display-name>
   
</web-app>

Maven:

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
                      http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
                     
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>org.o7planning</groupId>
  <artifactId>SpringMVCRESTful</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>SpringMVCRESTful Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
 
 
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
        <!-- Servlet Library -->
        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Spring dependencies -->
        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>


        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-databind -->
          <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.3</version>
        </dependency> 
       
       
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat/jackson-dataformat-xml -->
         <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.3</version>
        </dependency> 

       
    </dependencies>
   

    <build>
        <finalName>SpringMVCRESTful</finalName>
        <plugins>
       
            <!-- Config: Maven Tomcat Plugin -->
            <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.tomcat.maven/tomcat7-maven-plugin -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.2</version>
                <!-- Config: contextPath and Port (Default: /SpringMVCRESTful : 8080) -->
                <!--
                <configuration>
                    <path>/</path>
                    <port>8899</port>
                </configuration>
                -->   
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>   
   
</project>

5. Configurer Spring MVC

SpringWebAppInitializer.java

package org.o7planning.springmvcrestful.config;

import javax.servlet.FilterRegistration;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRegistration;

import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;

public class SpringWebAppInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {

    @Override
    public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
        AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext appContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
        appContext.register(ApplicationContextConfig.class);

        ServletRegistration.Dynamic dispatcher = servletContext.addServlet("SpringDispatcher",
                new DispatcherServlet(appContext));
        dispatcher.setLoadOnStartup(1);
        dispatcher.addMapping("/");
       
        // UTF8 Charactor Filter.
        FilterRegistration.Dynamic fr = servletContext.addFilter("encodingFilter", CharacterEncodingFilter.class);

        fr.setInitParameter("encoding", "UTF-8");
        fr.setInitParameter("forceEncoding", "true");
        fr.addMappingForUrlPatterns(null, true, "/*");       
    }

}

ApplicationContextConfig.java

package org.o7planning.springmvcrestful.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration

@ComponentScan("org.o7planning.springmvcrestful.*")

public class ApplicationContextConfig {


   // No need ViewSolver
 
 

   // Other declarations if needed ...
 
}

WebMvcConfig.java

package org.o7planning.springmvcrestful.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;

@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
public class WebMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {

    }

    @Override
    public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
        configurer.enable();
    }

}

6. Data Model

Employee.java

package org.o7planning.springmvcrestful.model;

public class Employee {

    private String empNo;
    private String empName;
    private String position;

    // This default constructor is required if there are other constructors.
    public Employee() {

    }

    public Employee(String empNo, String empName, String position) {
        this.empNo = empNo;
        this.empName = empName;
        this.position = position;
    }

    public String getEmpNo() {
        return empNo;
    }

    public void setEmpNo(String empNo) {
        this.empNo = empNo;
    }

    public String getEmpName() {
        return empName;
    }

    public void setEmpName(String empName) {
        this.empName = empName;
    }

    public String getPosition() {
        return position;
    }

    public void setPosition(String position) {
        this.position = position;
    }

}

La classe EmployeeDAO simule la récupération des données à partir d'une source de données et insert, update, delete.

EmployeeDAO.java

package org.o7planning.springmvcrestful.dao;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.o7planning.springmvcrestful.model.Employee;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public class EmployeeDAO {

    private static final Map<String, Employee> empMap = new HashMap<String, Employee>();

    static {
        initEmps();
    }

    private static void initEmps() {
        Employee emp1 = new Employee("E01", "Smith", "Clerk");
        Employee emp2 = new Employee("E02", "Allen", "Salesman");
        Employee emp3 = new Employee("E03", "Jones", "Manager");

        empMap.put(emp1.getEmpNo(), emp1);
        empMap.put(emp2.getEmpNo(), emp2);
        empMap.put(emp3.getEmpNo(), emp3);
    }

    public Employee getEmployee(String empNo) {
        return empMap.get(empNo);
    }

    public Employee addEmployee(Employee emp) {
        empMap.put(emp.getEmpNo(), emp);
        return emp;
    }

    public Employee updateEmployee(Employee emp) {
        empMap.put(emp.getEmpNo(), emp);
        return emp;
    }

    public void deleteEmployee(String empNo) {
        empMap.remove(empNo);
    }

    public List<Employee> getAllEmployees() {
        Collection<Employee> c = empMap.values();
        List<Employee> list = new ArrayList<Employee>();
        list.addAll(c);
        return list;
    }

}

7. Spring REST Controller

Spring utilise @RestController pour annoter dans une classe, cette classe sera un RESTful Controller.

MainRESTController.java

package org.o7planning.springmvcrestful.controller;

import java.util.List;

import org.o7planning.springmvcrestful.dao.EmployeeDAO;
import org.o7planning.springmvcrestful.model.Employee;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class MainRESTController {

    @Autowired
    private EmployeeDAO employeeDAO;

    @RequestMapping("/")
    @ResponseBody
    public String welcome() {
        return "Welcome to RestTemplate Example.";
    }

    // URL:
    // http://localhost:8080/SpringMVCRESTful/employees
    // http://localhost:8080/SpringMVCRESTful/employees.xml
    // http://localhost:8080/SpringMVCRESTful/employees.json
    @RequestMapping(value = "/employees", //
            method = RequestMethod.GET, //
            produces = { MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE, MediaType.APPLICATION_XML_VALUE })
    @ResponseBody
    public List<Employee> getEmployees() {
        List<Employee> list = employeeDAO.getAllEmployees();
        return list;
    }

    // URL:
    // http://localhost:8080/SpringMVCRESTful/employee/{empNo}
    // http://localhost:8080/SpringMVCRESTful/employee/{empNo}.xml
    // http://localhost:8080/SpringMVCRESTful/employee/{empNo}.json
    @RequestMapping(value = "/employee/{empNo}", //
            method = RequestMethod.GET, //
            produces = { MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE, MediaType.APPLICATION_XML_VALUE })
    @ResponseBody
    public Employee getEmployee(@PathVariable("empNo") String empNo) {
        return employeeDAO.getEmployee(empNo);
    }

    // URL:
    // http://localhost:8080/SpringMVCRESTful/employee
    // http://localhost:8080/SpringMVCRESTful/employee.xml
    // http://localhost:8080/SpringMVCRESTful/employee.json
    @RequestMapping(value = "/employee", //
            method = RequestMethod.POST, //
            produces = { MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE, MediaType.APPLICATION_XML_VALUE })
    @ResponseBody
    public Employee addEmployee(@RequestBody Employee emp) {

        return employeeDAO.addEmployee(emp);

    }

    // URL:
    // http://localhost:8080/SpringMVCRESTful/employee
    // http://localhost:8080/SpringMVCRESTful/employee.xml
    // http://localhost:8080/SpringMVCRESTful/employee.json
    @RequestMapping(value = "/employee", //
            method = RequestMethod.PUT, //
            produces = { MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE, MediaType.APPLICATION_XML_VALUE })
    @ResponseBody
    public Employee updateEmployee(@RequestBody Employee emp) {

        return employeeDAO.updateEmployee(emp);
    }

    // URL:
    // http://localhost:8080/SpringMVCRESTful/employee/{empNo}
    @RequestMapping(value = "/employees/{empNo}", //
            method = RequestMethod.DELETE, //
            produces = { MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE, MediaType.APPLICATION_XML_VALUE })
    @ResponseBody
    public void deleteEmployee(@PathVariable("empNo") String empNo) {
        employeeDAO.deleteEmployee(empNo);
    }

}

8. L'exécution des applications

Name: Run SpringMVCRESTful
Base directory: ${workspace_loc:/SpringMVCRESTful}
Goals: tomcat7:run

Afin de tester insert, update, delete des données sur RESTful web service vous devez utiliser l'outil RESTClient, c'est un Addons pour Firefox et Chrome, vous pouvez suivre des instructions de l'installation et de l'utilisation ici:
RESTClient Un débogueur pour RESTful Web Service